Scotland Ing St. For more info tress 4.30-5.30: Sa 5, Byres Rd: Clyde DoKs, MEn sL Clasgow boo Cresswell Lane; Hope HAMILTON SC cale every Sat Ford, 53 Eliot Cresce Paul Youngson. 18 Forrest Crescent Wales 10.30-12. Also available 1-0-8 Books NE 20T. ery Sat in own centre.
sales every Sat PORT TALBOT: T*sat mam-1pm SWANSEA: SC sales outside Co-op, Oxtord St, Ham-Ipm, Saturdays. England Bondon Can and sall urda Books 3pm outside the Roman Baths. Phon details Cleveland precinct outside a 0-4. Thr Keys, every Fri 1.30-1 avalabie iron HEMEL HEMPSTEAD: SC sales in HUDDERSFIELD SC BANGOR: Holyhead BRIGHTON: The Public House, Liton Fullmarks, 110 CheltenBIRMINGHAM: Other Bookshop, 8Sa New Elvet LORD: South Essex Bookshop, 335 MILTON KEYNES: Oakleaf Books, 109 Chu Woks, 54 Cowley OXFORD: EOA Books, EICESTER: Blacktho cester, and V Karla, sa 1 Bon Co.
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Fri 6.4Sam at Mcconviuc ONG AM M SOUTHAMPTON: October Books Saturday blac CHILE LMSHOW North 4 September 1982 page 8 In this instalment John Ross explains eighteenth century revolutions showed that the revolutionary role of the bourgeoisie had reached its end. of proletarian - permanent revolution open up.
NO POLITICAL POSITION is more associated with the name of Trotsky than that of permanent revolution. But while Trotsky developed the theory of permanent revolution in the light of the Russian revolutions of 1905 and 1917 it is important to understand that he originate or invent it. The theory of permanent revolution was first formulated by Marx and Engels out of the experience of the German revolutions of 1848 These class struggles, have shown previous articles, had made clear that the capitalist class YYaS no longer revolutionary force. On most decisive questions it would mobilise the great mass of the working class and peasantry. the contrary it tried to control and repress the workWithout class movement.
such mobilisations however the counterrevolutionary forces could nor De destroved.
this political situation flowed the task of the working class. The nature of the bourgeoisie made it even more urgent that the workins class must organise itself as an independent political party. Any subordination to bourgeois force. totally rejected. . The working class nationally had to integrate its struggle with that ot the internationa working class. Power Marx and Engels exDancers as torOws e Germany, ' Although the Calle com teaster nor heir realisation their class interests without passing through -DIU tracted revolutionary development...they Inemselves must contribute to their final vicLOry by itorming themselves of their own class LCIESES. take a up their independent political position as SOUL as possible, by not allowing themselves to be misled by the hypocritical phrases of the democratic pettybourgeoise mto dououng for one minute the necessi neeDencens organised party of the proletariat. Their battle cry must be: the Permanent Revolution.' But what did this last phrase *the Permanent Revolution' mean? It summed the entire perspective situation on the CCUSIVE ISSUe. bourgeoisie would support the counter-revolution The working class must lead the struggle for the demands of the bourgeois democratic revolution CYCL agalist the bourgeoisie The working class accept capitalist limits to the revolution. Because the how the midThe era - had begun to did not working class was leading the revolution it would begin to pass over from capitalist to socialist goals i would begin to extes itself internationally Marx explained these tasks and needs While the following way, democratic petty-bourgeoisie want to bring the revolution to an end as soon as possible...it is ou interest and out task to make the revolution permanent unti all the more or less propertied classes have beer driven their ruling position, until the proletariat has CULL quered state power and until the association of the defeating 'counterrevolutions. proletarians has progressed sutticientiv tal -1101 only in one country but in all the leading countries of the world - that competition between the proletarians of these countries ceases and at least the decisive forces of production are concentrated in the hands of the workers.
This process of makthus; either the rule of the revolutionary proletariat or r the rule of the classes who rule before February (i.e. the feudal forces). A middle road is no longer possible.
The only possible revolution even in Germany was rule by the working class and socialist revolution. There was no 'middle way' of a revolution limiting itself in capitalist framework This was the fundamental basis of the theory of permanent revolution In one crucial respect of course Marx and Engels were shown to be wrong in their hopes for did not at all refute Marx and Engels ideas. Defeats still happen even when people have the correct political positions. In 1848 the working class was too weak capitalism. But the events confirmed totally theory of permanent revolution - - unfortunatehowever from the experience of a defeat. Basis Trotsky put it clearly later in explaining and developing the theory of permanent revolution, 'Marx regarded the bourgeois revolution 1848 as the direct prelude