Challenge Scotland ABERDEEN: SC available at BoomKing st. For more into 11.302pm More into on local acarviy rest Rd.
Wales BANGOR: Sat 10-12 town centre.
in Bute › available 1-0-8 Books, NEWPORT: every Sat in town centre SWANSEA: SC sales outs Oxford Si, Ham-1pm, Saturdays. CHESTERFIELD SC sold outside Sat 11.30amMarketplace, COVENTRY: SC available from HUDDER EL Piazza. available at Peaceworks A BuR in Yorkshire MANCHESTER On Corren di Bookshops BANGOR Kainbows Holynead Bangor, jwyncae : Fullmarks, 110 ChettenBIRMINGHAM: Other Bookshop.
Boston a New EVely Co-op ILFORD: South Essex Bookshop, 335 Bookshop. Tel: 061-236 4905 for furNEWCASTLE: SC omnsale every Sa between TINGHAM: Sc sold every Sa ytechnic betNOT AM: SC pm slad square. For into pron NEWCASTLE: SC on sale every Sat Fenwicks Polytechnic OLDHAM: Sc so Monry Saturday OXFORD: SC sold Fr 1 every sat La Thursday Saturday.
on Sale Market Sq delivered SWINDON: SC 1 sale 11-1 every WOLVERHAMPTON. SC sales on Thur/Fri at Poly Students Union from oon-2pm and British Rail 4.30-6pr London EALING newsagents. London Rd, Enticl 1aCE SC. POD BN 2 F LLINGDON La Cisales every Wa every Fri. 8.15.9am at Holloway Roac and Highbury tube sares and Thursday LAMBETH: evenings and Thur mornings outside Vorth Wembley BR Station.
Paperback Books, Brixton and Peckham High Si. • SEIS:
rian do i: Compendium, Caledon Rd When Rab Butler died on the day of the budget he already seemed a fairly belonging to a different political era - the era of social democratic consensus, relative social peace and world expansion. The era of 'Butskellism:
distance separated Butskellism from Thatcherism. In his Edward Heath declared that RA Butler was one of the main architects of post-war liberal conservatism which, added, had ended in 1974 It was, aTTer who once declared "those woo Lak about creating pools unemployment should be LOWE into them and made to swim' Butler tought tireless t against the right in his pardo minance off his sure sec- and helved ensure me a party pion alle. 1945.
He came from a long established class LUCI English family, full of masters of Cambridge colleges, headmasters of Harcivil servants. His father was governor of the central provinces in India Butler was born in In dia and like so many of his generalion and his class shared the imperial mystique. His deepest ambition almost realised 1943, was to become Vicerov There were few other positions in the state, however, that he did occupy. He was government tor 26½ years, a period longer cept Churchill so far in this centurv. This was possible because in the 49 years between (9l› and 1904. the Conservatives were only of office, for Vul ycals.
remote figure In the 1930s as a junior minister he was closely involved both with the India Act, the first step toward complete Indian independence which was bitthe Beveridge Proposal and in drawing up the 1944 White Paper on full employment.
He expected the electoral disaster that whelmed the Tories 1945 and set about with Macmillan, Woolton and Maxwell cite to reorganise the Conservative Party, re-establishing its electoral support and reorienting its policies.
Not the economv to dismantle re maining control and reestablish freedom Private cap one or e London The growth in living standards that followed helped con solidate the new conservatives.
His politics were those of the liberal establishHe was a lifelong Telephone 01 226 057 opponent of the tradi. tional Tory right. He was strongly opposed to the hanging and flogging lobby in the party He Lavoured racial integration. He had doubts about we suck Invasion. He sup ported disengagement . the empire and ne worked for lasting political settlement WIL labour.
He saw himself in the tradition of Peel and Baldwin, pursulllg strategy of gradual reform and timely concessions. was a style of politics that proved highly successful but it was always premised on the continuation of the absolute strength of of the and the relative wealth the economy. When inese were undermined e new right began to emerge launched fierce attacks on the cautious of post-war conservatism for appeasing the labour movement and talling to reverse "socialism'.
Bv the 1980s few re maining practitioners of the 'art of the possible' a Butler understood it could any disguise the breakdown of consensus and the deep political crisis into which Britain was entering.
• Andrew Gamble is the Consel Nation work on the history of the Party His most recent work i Britain in Decline - a must for all our readers comin grips polítical crisis.
Both books avanaole wom Other booksnop present, Andrew Gamble is a lecturer at the University of Sheffield
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